Spain - Labitolosa

Excavations began in 1991 in the Cerro del Calvario, close to the Puebla de Castro in the Huesca province. This site was identified as the urban nucleus of the city of Labitolosa. Excavations have shown that the city began developing in the time of Augustus Caesar and later experienced large-scale monumentalization under the Flavians and the Antonines after obtaining the status of municipe. It was finally prematurely abandoned in the third century. The thermae, some domus, and the complete reconstruction of the Forum, where a new curia was built, are known to have resulted from architectonic transformation.

The bases of the pedestals of the statues which adorned the curia remain in situ today, together with the statue of the "Genius of the Municipe" and several other pedestals engraved with inscriptions. These inscriptions have provided information on a number of Labitolosa’s prominent figures in the time of Hadrian, who were the city’s principal administrators and benefactors, foremost among them Marcus Clodius Flaccus.

The study of the city’s area has begun by conducting systematic aerial surveys, from which it can be inferred that the wealth of the Municipe’s elites came from cattle rearing and the sale of derived products.